打造以太坊私有链，合约的部署与使用

1. 下载

$ git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git

2. 编译

$ cd go-ethereum
$ make geth

把./build/bin/geth添加到可执行路径中

3. 配置初始状态

保存配置到genesis.json文件

{
  "config": {
    "chainId": 7777,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip150Block": 0,
    "eip155Block": 0,
    "eip158Block": 0,
    "byzantiumBlock": 0,
    "constantinopleBlock": 0,
    "petersburgBlock": 0,
    "ethash": {}
  },
  "difficulty": "1",
  "gasLimit": "8000000",
  "alloc": {
    "7df9a875a174b3bc565e6424a0050ebc1b2d1d82": { "balance": "300000" },
    "f41c74c9ae680c1aa78f42e5647a62f353b7bdde": { "balance": "400000" }
  }
}

执行geth init --datadir data genesis.json，初始化以太坊配置。

4. 运行以太坊节点

执行geth --datadir data --nodiscover --mine console，节点启动。

5. 创建账户

在以太坊console执行如下命令

> personal.newAccount()
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
INFO [03-15|17:46:52.995] Your new key was generated               address=0x45281eb7BBaA41FeF62D40aE881378c14335C1Cf
WARN [03-15|17:46:52.996] Please backup your key file!             path=/Users/xuqizhong/tmp/eth/data/keystore/UTC--2022-03-15T09-46-51.983819000Z--45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf
WARN [03-15|17:46:52.996] Please remember your password!
"0x45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf"

执行如下命令，可以查询有哪些账户

> personal.listAccounts
["0x45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf", "0x96b638097bb4dd40d9bca6f1197b8d24b1705cfa"]

6. 挖矿

执行挖矿命令

> miner.start()

暂停挖矿命令

> miner.stop()

查询钱包余额

> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance("0x45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf"),"ether")
196

7. 发送交易

首先需要解锁账户0

> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])
Unlock account 0x45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf
Passphrase:
true

发起交易

> eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:web3.toWei(10,'ether')})
INFO [03-15|18:29:11.590] Setting new local account                address=0x45281eb7BBaA41FeF62D40aE881378c14335C1Cf
INFO [03-15|18:29:11.591] Submitted transaction                    hash=0xef11db5b652c6402a2569843c7b364cda8628e84f86efe51d5b5b674cf6caa23 from=0x45281eb7BBaA41FeF62D40aE881378c14335C1Cf nonce=0 recipient=0x96b638097Bb4dD40d9bca6f1197b8d24B1705cfa value=10,000,000,000,000,000,000
"0xef11db5b652c6402a2569843c7b364cda8628e84f86efe51d5b5b674cf6caa23"

查询账户1的余额

> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]),'ether')
10

8. 编写智能合约

实现一个简单的智能合约demo.sol

pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

contract SimpleStorage {
    uint storedData;

    function set(uint x) public {
        storedData = x;
    }

    function get() public view returns (uint) {
        return storedData;
    }
}

编译智能合约

> solc --optimize --combined-json abi,bin demo.sol
solc --optimize --combined-json abi,bin demo.sol
Warning: SPDX license identifier not provided in source file. Before publishing, consider adding a comment containing "SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License>" to each source file. Use "SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED" for non-open-source code. Please see https://spdx.org for more information.
--> demo.sol

{"contracts":{"demo.sol:SimpleStorage":{"abi":[{"inputs":[],"name":"get","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"x","type":"uint256"}],"name":"set","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}],"bin":"6080604052348015600f57600080fd5b5060ac8061001e6000396000f3fe6080604052348015600f57600080fd5b506004361060325760003560e01c806360fe47b11460375780636d4ce63c146049575b600080fd5b60476042366004605e565b600055565b005b60005460405190815260200160405180910390f35b600060208284031215606f57600080fd5b503591905056fea264697066735822122026c14d5b811591c48b9fef3864b4577cbbc2ebd0e5ebc07b7d54847f206eb69564736f6c634300080c0033"}},"version":"0.8.12+commit.f00d7308.Darwin.appleclang"}

9. 部署智能合约

解锁账户

> personal.unlockAccount("0x45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf")
Unlock account 0x45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf
Passphrase:
true

通过web3.eth.contract的new方法发起部署合约的交易

> var storageContractJson = {"contracts":{"demo.sol:SimpleStorage":{"abi":[{"inputs":[],"name":"get","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"x","type":"uint256"}],"name":"set","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}],"bin":"6080604052348015600f57600080fd5b5060ac8061001e6000396000f3fe6080604052348015600f57600080fd5b506004361060325760003560e01c806360fe47b11460375780636d4ce63c146049575b600080fd5b60476042366004605e565b600055565b005b60005460405190815260200160405180910390f35b600060208284031215606f57600080fd5b503591905056fea264697066735822122026c14d5b811591c48b9fef3864b4577cbbc2ebd0e5ebc07b7d54847f206eb69564736f6c634300080c0033"}},"version":"0.8.12+commit.f00d7308.Darwin.appleclang"}
undefined
> var storageContract = eth.contract(storageContractJson.contracts["demo.sol:SimpleStorage"].abi)
undefined
> var storageContractObj = {from:eth.accounts[0],data:"0x"+storageContractJson.contracts["demo.sol:SimpleStorage"].bin,gas:1000000}
undefined
> > var storageContractIns = storageContract.new(storageContractObj)
INFO [03-16|11:37:55.925] Setting new local account                address=0x45281eb7BBaA41FeF62D40aE881378c14335C1Cf
INFO [03-16|11:37:55.926] Submitted contract creation              hash=0xa8c86633956bea5f8532734bd76a3125ee2f81c0ddf5308762651c94c99cd957 from=0x45281eb7BBaA41FeF62D40aE881378c14335C1Cf nonce=1 contract=0xf00a6AAA995c8adcC7b0A6d2A044827c58b6cdb3 value=0
undefined

查看交易池状态

> txpool.status
{
  pending: 1,
  queued: 0
}
> txpool.inspect.pending
{
  0x45281eb7BBaA41FeF62D40aE881378c14335C1Cf: {
    1: "contract creation: 0 wei + 1000000 gas × 1000000000 wei"
  }
}

可以看到有一个交易待处理，开始挖矿

> miner.start(1);admin.sleepBlocks(1);miner.stop();
INFO [03-16|11:40:45.910] Updated mining threads                   threads=1
INFO [03-16|11:40:49.606] Successfully sealed new block            number=104 sealhash=b80b30..539c7f hash=8fe8f6..e601c7 elapsed=2m50.695s
INFO [03-16|11:40:49.606] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=104 hash=8fe8f6..e601c7
INFO [03-16|11:40:49.607] Commit new sealing work                  number=105 sealhash=d85721..564878 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0       fees=0           elapsed="126.458µs"
INFO [03-16|11:40:49.607] Commit new sealing work                  number=105 sealhash=d85721..564878 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0       fees=0           elapsed="245.25µs"
null
> txpool.status
{
  pending: 0,
  queued: 0
}

查看合约地址

> storageContractIns
{
  abi: [{
      inputs: [],
      name: "get",
      outputs: [{...}],
      stateMutability: "view",
      type: "function"
  }, {
      inputs: [{...}],
      name: "set",
      outputs: [],
      stateMutability: "nonpayable",
      type: "function"
  }],
  address: "0xf00a6aaa995c8adcc7b0a6d2a044827c58b6cdb3",
  transactionHash: "0xa8c86633956bea5f8532734bd76a3125ee2f81c0ddf5308762651c94c99cd957",
  allEvents: function bound(),
  get: function bound(),
  set: function bound()
}

查看部署合约交易详情

> eth.getTransactionReceipt(storageContractIns.transactionHash)
{
  blockHash: "0x8fe8f6dc26b38c87287de5fab28b1b3983dd7b2b47ebb59eb69f60c8b4e601c7",
  blockNumber: 104,
  contractAddress: "0xf00a6aaa995c8adcc7b0a6d2a044827c58b6cdb3",
  cumulativeGasUsed: 100327,
  effectiveGasPrice: 1000000000,
  from: "0x45281eb7bbaa41fef62d40ae881378c14335c1cf",
  gasUsed: 100327,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  status: "0x1",
  to: null,
  transactionHash: "0xa8c86633956bea5f8532734bd76a3125ee2f81c0ddf5308762651c94c99cd957",
  transactionIndex: 0,
  type: "0x0"
}

获取合约地址

> var storageContractInsAddress = eth.getTransactionReceipt(storageContractIns.transactionHash).contractAddress
undefined
> storageContractInsAddress
"0xf00a6aaa995c8adcc7b0a6d2a044827c58b6cdb3"

获取合约实例

> var storageContractIns = storageContract.at(storageContractInsAddress)
undefined
> storageContractIns
{
  abi: [{
      inputs: [],
      name: "get",
      outputs: [{...}],
      stateMutability: "view",
      type: "function"
  }, {
      inputs: [{...}],
      name: "set",
      outputs: [],
      stateMutability: "nonpayable",
      type: "function"
  }],
  address: "0xf00a6aaa995c8adcc7b0a6d2a044827c58b6cdb3",
  transactionHash: null,
  allEvents: function bound(),
  get: function bound(),
  set: function bound()
}

调用合约get方法

> storageContractIns.get.call()
0

调用合约set方法

> storageContractIns.set.sendTransaction(77,{from:eth.accounts[0],gas:1000000})
INFO [03-16|11:51:41.077] Submitted transaction                    hash=0xf431e2d1e2dbf042dca26570d213415c2ccf72a0272a89c028db7a802b38a9f0 from=0x45281eb7BBaA41FeF62D40aE881378c14335C1Cf nonce=2 recipient=0xf00a6AAA995c8adcC7b0A6d2A044827c58b6cdb3 value=0
"0xf431e2d1e2dbf042dca26570d213415c2ccf72a0272a89c028db7a802b38a9f0"
> txpool.status
{
  pending: 1,
  queued: 0
}
> miner.start(1);admin.sleepBlocks(1);miner.stop();
INFO [03-16|11:52:18.540] Updated mining threads                   threads=1
INFO [03-16|11:52:18.540] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=1,000,000,000
INFO [03-16|11:52:18.540] Commit new sealing work                  number=105 sealhash=67a38b..47fa30 uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0       fees=0           elapsed="265.708µs"
INFO [03-16|11:52:18.541] Commit new sealing work                  number=105 sealhash=e82e4a..e120c7 uncles=0 txs=1 gas=41654   fees=4.1654e-05  elapsed="688.625µs"
INFO [03-16|11:52:20.048] Successfully sealed new block            number=105 sealhash=e82e4a..e120c7 hash=5300e6..eced57 elapsed=1.507s
INFO [03-16|11:52:20.048] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=105 hash=5300e6..eced57
INFO [03-16|11:52:20.048] Commit new sealing work                  number=106 sealhash=cf5725..46077d uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0       fees=0           elapsed="76.375µs"
INFO [03-16|11:52:20.048] Commit new sealing work                  number=106 sealhash=cf5725..46077d uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0       fees=0           elapsed="126.084µs"
null
> txpool.status
{
  pending: 0,
  queued: 0
}

获取存储结果

> storageContractIns.get.call()
77

1. 下载#

2. 编译#

3. 配置初始状态#

4. 运行以太坊节点#

5. 创建账户#

6. 挖矿#

7. 发送交易#

8. 编写智能合约#

9. 部署智能合约#